As obesity and type 2 diabetes continue to rise globally, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also increasing. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form of NAFLD, can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. NAFLD is linked to other health issues such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea, significantly impacting health-related quality of life and creating a substantial economic burden. While liver-related mortality increases with advanced fibrosis (F3 or F4), cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in NAFLD patients. Ongoing research aims to improve non-invasive diagnostics, identify prognostic biomarkers, and develop treatments for advanced NASH.

In the US, the rise in CLD mortality is largely attributed to the growing prevalence of NAFLD. Globally, the burden of liver disease from hepatitis B and C has been mitigated through effective vaccination and antiviral treatments. However, the rapid growth of NAFLD and NASH underscores the need for continued efforts to develop accurate diagnostic tools and effective treatments, particularly for individuals at high risk of progressing to severe liver disease.

Reference: Younossi ZM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – A global public health perspective. J Hepatol. 2019 Mar;70(3):531-544. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.033. Epub 2018 Nov 9. PMID: 30414863.